A recent study conducted by researchers from the University of Nottingham has raised serious concerns about the safety of paracetamol, a medication commonly used to treat mild-to-moderate pain and fever. This over-the-counter drug has long been considered a safe and effective option, particularly for older adults dealing with chronic conditions like osteoarthritis. However, emerging evidence paints a more complex picture, highlighting significant risks associated with its prolonged use, particularly among individuals aged 65 and above.
The study, published in the journal *Arthritis Care and Research*, reveals that frequent paracetamol use is linked to an increased risk of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal complications. Among these, the most striking findings include a 24% higher risk of peptic ulcer bleeding and a 36% rise in lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Beyond digestive concerns, the research also identifies a 19% increased likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease, a 9% rise in heart failure risk, and a 7% greater chance of hypertension. These findings challenge the long-held perception of paracetamol as a relatively harmless first-line treatment for conditions like joint pain and inflammation.
For decades, medical guidelines have recommended paracetamol as the initial treatment for osteoarthritis and other chronic conditions because it is believed to have fewer side effects than alternatives such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Unlike NSAIDs, paracetamol does not generally carry risks like gastrointestinal ulcers or cardiovascular complications when used in moderation. However, this new research suggests that the supposed safety of paracetamol may not extend to long-term, repetitive use, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly.
Adding to the complexity, previous studies have already questioned paracetamol’s efficacy in managing chronic pain conditions like osteoarthritis. These investigations suggest that the drug may not provide meaningful pain relief in some cases, further complicating its role in long-term treatment plans. If paracetamol’s benefits are limited while its risks appear to be higher than once thought, healthcare providers might need to rethink its widespread use for chronic pain management, especially in older individuals already susceptible to drug-related complications.
Despite these concerns, paracetamol continues to hold its position as a widely used medication because of its affordability, accessibility, and comparatively low toxicity when used appropriately. Unlike many other painkillers, paracetamol has a well-established safety profile when taken at recommended doses for short periods. However, the potential dangers associated with excessive or prolonged use underscore the importance of careful prescribing practices. The researchers emphasize that these risks should not deter individuals from using paracetamol for temporary relief but rather encourage more judicious consideration of its role in managing chronic conditions.
This study is a reminder of the delicate balance between benefits and risks in medication use. While paracetamol may remain an essential tool for pain relief, particularly for short-term needs, healthcare providers and patients must weigh these new findings against individual health profiles. The emphasis should be on exploring safer and more effective alternatives for long-term pain management, such as physical therapy, lifestyle changes, or other medications with a better safety profile. For now, the findings serve as a cautionary note for doctors and patients, especially for older adults who may rely heavily on paracetamol as part of their daily healthcare regimen.
Source:
Study: https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.25471
University of Nottingham Press Release:
https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/news/paracetamol-safety-for-older-people
